Candidiasis, commonly known as a yeast infection, is caused by an overgrowth of the fungus Candida, predominantly Candida albicans. While Candida naturally lives on the skin and inside the body (mouth, throat, gut), an imbalance can lead to an infection. It is a widespread condition that affects millions of people globally, particularly those with weakened immune systems.
Types of Candidiasis:
There are several forms of candidiasis, depending on the affected area:
Causes and Risk Factors:
Candidiasis occurs when the balance of fungi and bacteria is disturbed, allowing Candida to grow uncontrollably. Key risk factors include:
Candida is usually harmless, but when the immune system is compromised or natural bacterial balance is disrupted, it can become pathogenic. Candida adheres to mucous membranes, invades host tissues, and evades immune responses using various virulence factors such as biofilm formation and secretion of enzymes. Once in the bloodstream, Candida can disseminate to multiple organs, causing systemic infections.
The symptoms vary based on the type of candidiasis:
Diagnosing candidiasis involves:
The treatment varies by type and severity:
For recurrent infections, longer courses or maintenance therapy may be required.
The prognosis depends on the type of candidiasis and the individual’s health:
If untreated, candidiasis can lead to:
Preventing candidiasis involves:
Ongoing research focuses on:
Candidiasis is caused by an overgrowth of Candida, typically when the immune system is compromised or after antibiotic use.
While not classified as a sexually transmitted infection, yeast infections can be passed through sexual contact.
Practice good hygiene, wear breathable fabrics, and manage underlying conditions like diabetes.
Mild infections are generally harmless, but systemic candidiasis can be life-threatening if untreated.
Treatment depends on the type, ranging from topical antifungals to systemic medications for severe infections.
